Next steps: Contracts, governance and advice

Governance is not a paper exercise

In a cyber incident or release dispute, ask whether governance changed the decision path, not merely whether policies exist. A technically plausible control can still be poorly evidenced if the organisation cannot show who owned the risk, who challenged it, what was approved, and how remediation was verified.

For GDPR purposes, Article 32 requires risk-appropriate technical and organisational measures, including a regular process for testing, assessing and evaluating their effectiveness. Governance records can therefore help demonstrate how the organisation selected, operated and reviewed its controls; they do not cure an objectively inadequate control.